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Gravity, stress, calcium and gene expression.

E Davies1, B Shimps, K Brown

  • 1Botany Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7612, USA.

Journal of Gravitational Physiology : a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology
|September 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Plant cells rapidly increase cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) in response to various stimuli. This study used aequorin to detect rapid Ca2+ changes in plants under gravity and other stresses.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) is a critical regulator of plant metabolism.
  • Ca2+ levels are tightly controlled but increase rapidly after stress treatments like cold and touch.
  • Previous studies using fluorescence microscopy suggested gravity does not affect Ca2+ levels, but limitations in detection time may have obscured rapid changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rapid changes in cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) levels in plants subjected to gravity stimulation.
  • To compare the Ca2+ response to gravity with responses to other stimuli like heat-wounding and vibration.
  • To determine if gravity and heat-wounding elicit similar transcriptomic changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized transgenic plants expressing the Ca2+-binding, light-emitting jellyfish protein aequorin for real-time Ca2+ measurement.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Plant BiologyNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Applied stimuli including heat-wounding, vibration, and gravity to Arabidopsis and tomato plants.
  • Measured cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and analyzed transcript levels following heat-wound and gravity stimulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Aequorin-based measurements revealed rapid and transient increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ in response to gravity stimulation.
    • Heat-wounding and vibration also induced significant changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels.
    • Analysis of transcript levels indicated potential differences in molecular responses between gravity and heat-wound stimuli.

    Conclusions:

    • The aequorin system provides a sensitive method to detect rapid Ca2+ dynamics in plants, overcoming limitations of previous techniques.
    • Gravity acts as a potent stimulus that rapidly alters cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis in plants.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific signaling pathways and transcriptomic changes triggered by gravity-induced Ca2+ fluxes.