Bion 11 science objectives and results

The results from the Bion 11 mission were the most comprehensive set of data ever collected on primate physiology and behavior before, during, and after spaceflight. An international team of scientists representing neuromuscular and behavioral, neurosensory, regulatory, and bone physiology disciplines conducted a wide range of studies, which are briefly summarized herein. New insights were obtained, which can be expected to lead to new, efficient countermeasures for space-related changes, thereby facilitating long-duration human space voyages and providing additional assurance of human health and performance. These data will likely benefit medical areas on Earth that have overlap with challenges in space biology and medicine.