[Biological problems of origin and development of various physiological functions (theory and application)]

The author presents some idea about origin and development of some physiological functions: outer breathing, breath function of blood, blood circulation, thermoregulation, energy supply. The conclusions about main directions of evolution of these functions and duration of their development in phylogeny were drawn. The author gave some examples of abrupt changes of development of these functions in different groups of animals and discussed possible reasons of such changes. General quantitative estimation of the results of evolution of these functions from the position of their summArized efficiency was done. Quantitative characteristics of optimization and efficiency limits of physiological functions were suggested on the base of new data in general biology and comparative physiology. The author put toward the hypothesis about conventional "mistakes" of evolution and showed deep biological reasons of some seriOus illness. The examples of some applied problems in biology, physiology and medicine that can be solved with the data on evolution of physiological functions are presented.