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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

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A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
Published on: September 13, 2022
Influence of choledochoscopy on the choice of surgical procedure
American Journal of Surgery
|July 1, 1975
Abstract:
1. Direct endoscopy of the biliary tract has been used alone or in conjunction with operative cholangiography as a method of policing choledochal explorations. 2. A series of cases is presented in which endoscopy of the bile ducts has been of significant aid in clarifying the pathologic factors at operation. 3. This experience indicates that operative visualization of the bile ducts deserves a place in the surgical armamentarium.

