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Deep brain stimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
R M Roth1, L A Flashman, A J Saykin
1Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA. Robert.M.Roth@Dartmouth.Edu
Current Psychiatry Reports
|September 18, 2001
Summary
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers an alternative to surgery for movement disorders. This review covers DBS mechanisms, effects on Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, and potential new applications.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for movement disorders.
- Surgical ablation has historically been the primary surgical approach.
- Specific brain targets include the thalamus, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the history and physiological mechanisms of DBS in key brain regions.
- To examine the effects of DBS on neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms.
- To explore emerging applications of DBS for neuropsychiatric conditions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of empirical findings.
- Discussion of historical context and physiological underpinnings.
- Analysis of studies on Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.
Main Results:
- DBS is a viable alternative to ablative surgery for movement disorders.
- Evidence supports DBS efficacy in managing motor symptoms.
- Cognitive and psychiatric effects require careful consideration.
Conclusions:
- DBS is a well-established therapy for Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.
- Further research is exploring novel applications in neuropsychiatry.
- Understanding mechanisms and outcomes is crucial for optimizing DBS therapy.