Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
[Determining a variant of skeletal massiveness and probable type of build in human identification by bone remnants]
Abstract:
A simple algorithm for predicting the somatic type by bone rudiments is developed on the basis of measurements of 70 adult male skeletons by 13 parameters of 4 long tubular bones and the data on Russian populations, residents of middle Russia and Transbaikal territory, with visually evaluated constitution types (n = 360). The procedure consists of 2 stages. At first the massiveness of the skeleton is evaluated: A) gracial; B) stiphroidal; C) theinoidal; and D) massive. For this, a combination of the value and sign of the main components are used, which are obtained using estimation equations for different combinations of 4 long tubular bones of the limbs. Then using a special table reflecting the mutual incidence of both constitutional categories, the most probable somatic type is determined by the variant of the skeleton massiveness. The effect of the type of skeletal system development on the manifestation of other morphological signs was also taken into consideration. Complete description of variants of skeleton massiveness, based on available data, is presented.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Structure
Bone Remodeling
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
Classification of Bones
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Introduction to the Skeletal System
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...

