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[Cognitive deterioration in Parkinson's disease]
1Dpto. Psicología Básica, Psicobiología y Metodolog; Universidad de Salamanca. Facultad de Psicología, Salamanca, 37005, España. vperea@gugu.usal.es
Introduction:
Whether there are mental changes in Parkinson s disease (EP) or not, has been a confused and contradictory subject since the earliest studies and semiological definition of the disorder. James Parkinson himself, in his study An essay on the shaking palsy (1817), stated that in the condition he described, the sense and intellect were not damaged.
Development:
Thanks to the development of cognitive neuropsychology, at the present time there are rather more precise concepts regarding this fascinating area of neurology. We give a summary, as schematic as possible, of theory relating to the known data. 1. The presence or absence of cognitive deterioration in EP 2. The neuropsychological characteristics of cognitive involvement in EP, cognitive defects in incipient EP and in established EP. 3. The risk factor involved in the occurrence of cognitive deterioration.
Conclusions:
This knowledge should be used for better understanding of the patient s mental state at every stage of the disease, during follow up studies and for the neuro conductual therapeutic and socio familial approach in each case.
Insights
Cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease (EP) are complex. This review clarifies cognitive deterioration, its characteristics in early and established EP, and associated risk factors for better patient management.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cognitive Neuropsychology
Context:
- Historical debate on mental changes in Parkinson's disease (EP).
- James Parkinson's initial assertion of preserved intellect.
Purpose:
- To summarize current understanding of cognitive deterioration in EP.
- To detail neuropsychological characteristics of cognitive involvement.
- To identify risk factors for cognitive decline.
Summary:
- Cognitive neuropsychology provides clearer insights into EP-related cognitive changes.
- Defines cognitive deterioration, its features in incipient and established EP.
- Explores risk factors contributing to cognitive decline.
Impact:
- Enhances understanding of the patient's mental state across all disease stages.
- Informs neurobehavioral therapeutic strategies.
- Guides socio-familial approaches for comprehensive patient care.