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Related Experiment Videos

Seizures in hyperglycemic patients.

K M Sabitha1, A S Girija, K S Vargese

  • 1Medical College, Calicut, Kerala.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|September 28, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Hyperglycemia can cause frequent focal motor seizures in diabetic patients, sometimes as a first sign of diabetes. Managing high blood sugar is key to controlling these seizures.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia, particularly non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH), is associated with neurological complications.
  • Seizures can be an initial presentation of diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in hyperglycemic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the seizure patterns in hyperglycemic patients.
  • To determine the correlation between seizures and serum osmolality, blood glucose, and serum sodium levels.

Main Methods:

  • A study included 40 diabetic patients with new-onset seizures, divided into groups based on CT scan findings (normal vs. infarcts).
  • Investigations included blood sugar, electrolytes, serum osmolality, EEG, and CT head scans.
  • A control group of 40 euglycemic patients with seizures and infarcts was used for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The hyperglycemic group predominantly experienced focal seizures (100%), visual hallucinations (25%), and epilepsia partialis continua (20%).
  • Increased serum osmolality was observed in 90% of the hyperglycemic group compared to 22.5% in controls.
  • Seizure duration and frequency positively correlated with elevated random blood sugar (RBS), serum osmolality, and serum sodium.

Conclusions:

  • Focal motor seizures, with or without secondary generalization, are common in NKH and can be the first manifestation of DM.
  • Complex partial seizures, visual hallucinations, and epilepsia partialis continua are more prevalent in NKH patients than in euglycemic individuals.
  • Effective management of seizures in hyperglycemic patients primarily involves correcting hyperglycemia.

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