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The effect of differing Cardan angle sequences on three dimensional lumbo-pelvic angular kinematics during running
A G Schache1, T V Wrigley, P D Blanch
1Centre for Sports Medicine Research and Education, School of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. a.schache@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au
Insights
Different Cardan angle sequences minimally impact three dimensional (3D) lumbo-pelvic motion during running. This study found no substantial differences in running kinematics, regardless of the sequence used for analysis.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Human Movement Analysis
- Kinesiology
Background:
- Understanding lumbo-pelvic kinematics is crucial for analyzing running mechanics.
- Cardan angle sequences are commonly used to describe three dimensional (3D) joint rotations.
- Variability in sequence selection may influence kinematic analysis outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the variability of three dimensional (3D) lumbo-pelvic angular kinematic patterns during running.
- To assess the impact of different Cardan angle sequences on these kinematic patterns.
- To determine if sequence choice affects the interpretation of running biomechanics.
Main Methods:
- Four healthy subjects ran on a treadmill at 4.0 m/s.
- Motion capture data were collected using a 6-camera system at 200 Hz.
- Adjusted coefficient of multiple correlation and root mean square differences were used for quantitative comparison.
Main Results:
- Minimal qualitative differences were observed between Cardan angle sequences.
- Quantitative differences in lumbar spine and pelvic rotations did not exceed 7.0 and 2.8 degrees, respectively.
- The chosen sequences did not substantially alter the observed lumbo-pelvic kinematic patterns.
Conclusions:
- Different Cardan angle sequences do not significantly affect the typical three dimensional (3D) lumbo-pelvic angular kinematic patterns during running.
- The findings suggest robustness in analyzing running biomechanics irrespective of the Cardan sequence used.
- This has implications for standardization and comparison of running gait analysis studies.
Abstract:
The variability in the three dimensional (3D) lumbo-pelvic angular kinematic patterns during running when using differing Cardan angle sequences was quantified. Data for four able-bodied subjects running on a treadmill at 4.0 m/s were captured using a motion analysis system with six cameras operating at 200 Hz. The adjusted coefficient of multiple correlation was used to compare graphical waveforms whilst the maximum root mean square of the differences was used to express the magnitude of any discrepancy in absolute units. Minimal qualitative differences were found between the various sequences. Quantitative differences between each of the Cardan angle sequences were not found to exceed 7.0 degrees and 2.8 degrees for the lumbar spine and pelvic rotations respectively. It was concluded that different Cardan angle sequences were not found to substantially affect typical 3D lumbo-pelvic angular kinematic patterns during running.