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Related Concept Videos

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Embryonic Connective Tissues01:20

Embryonic Connective Tissues

During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. Mesenchyme is...
Tissue Membranes01:27

Tissue Membranes

A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints. A synovial membrane is...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis
09:16

Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis

Published on: December 14, 2015

Development. Endothelium--chicken soup for the endoderm.

N Bahary1, L I Zon

  • 1Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 29, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Early in embryonic development, endothelial cells secrete factors that direct the formation of the liver and pancreas from embryonic endoderm. This study reveals a previously unknown role for these cells in organ induction.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Vascular biology
  • Organogenesis

Background:

  • Endothelial cells are crucial for later embryonic organ development.
  • Their role in the initial induction phase of organ formation was previously undocumented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of endothelial cells in the early induction stage of organogenesis.
  • To identify the role of endothelial cells in specifying embryonic endoderm fate towards liver or pancreas development.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved in vivo imaging and genetic manipulation in model organisms.
  • Analysis of gene expression and cell signaling pathways in embryonic tissues.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial cells secrete signaling factors during early embryonic development.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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Published on: December 14, 2015

Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding
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Improving 2D and 3D Skin In Vitro Models Using Macromolecular Crowding

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  • These secreted factors induce embryonic endoderm differentiation into liver and pancreatic tissues.

    • Conclusions:

    • Endothelial cells play a critical, previously unrecognized role in the induction of liver and pancreas formation.
    • This finding expands our understanding of the cellular interactions governing early organ development.