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Related Experiment Videos

Polioencephalomalacia in range cattle.

C W Dickie, R J Nelson, D G Frazee

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |September 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Polioencephalomalacia affected cattle grazing on grama grass pastures. Investigations ruled out common causes like poisonous plants, contaminated water, and bacterial toxins, suggesting an unknown etiology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Ruminant Medicine
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a neurological disease affecting ruminants, characterized by brain lesions.
    • Pasture-associated diseases in cattle require thorough investigation to identify causative agents.
    • Grama grass pastures are common grazing lands for cattle in certain regions.

    Observation:

    • Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) was diagnosed in 27 out of 225 cattle grazing on a 486-hectare dry, short grama grass pasture.
    • Clinical signs and pathological findings consistent with PEM were observed in affected animals.
    • The affected pasture was characterized by dry conditions and short grama grass.

    Findings:

    • Chemicals in drinking water, toxins from nitrate-utilizing ruminal bacteria, and known poisonous plants were investigated as potential causes.
    • Experimental attempts to reproduce the disease using broth filtrate from ruminal bacteria in mice and sheep were unsuccessful.
    • Feeding mushrooms collected from the pasture to a cow did not induce the disease, ruling them out as a direct cause.

    Implications:

    • The etiology of polioencephalomalacia in this cattle herd remains undetermined, despite ruling out several common factors.
    • Further research is needed to identify the specific cause of PEM in cattle grazing on this type of pasture.
    • This study highlights the challenges in diagnosing and preventing pasture-associated diseases in livestock when the causative agent is unknown.

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