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Related Experiment Videos

Neurotoxicity with chloramphenicol--an electron microscopic study.

S Kuroda, J Tateishi, S Otsuki

    Folia Psychiatrica Et Neurologica Japonica
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    High doses of chloramphenicol caused significant peripheral nerve damage, particularly affecting myelin sheaths and Schwann cells in experimental animals. Axonal changes were mild, but nerve cell bodies in spinal ganglia showed some alterations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Toxicology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
    • Peripheral neuropathy is a potential side effect of certain drug treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ultrastructural effects of prolonged, high-dose chloramphenicol administration on peripheral nerves and spinal ganglia.

    Main Methods:

    • Electron microscopy was used to examine sural nerves and posterior root ganglia.
    • Experimental animals (dogs and rabbit) received high doses of chloramphenicol orally or via injection for 70-130 days.

    Main Results:

    • Peripheral nerves showed prominent myelin sheath degeneration (swelling, fragmentation, thinning) and Schwann cell hypertrophy.
    • Axonal changes were mild, including neurofilament accumulation and mitochondrial changes.
    • Spinal ganglion neurons exhibited Nissl substance breakdown and nuclear membrane indentation; satellite cells were unaffected.

    Conclusions:

    • Prolonged high-dose chloramphenicol induces significant peripheral nerve damage, primarily targeting myelin and Schwann cells.
    • Axonal integrity is relatively preserved, but neuronal cell bodies in spinal ganglia can be affected.

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