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Related Experiment Videos

The therapeutic and working alliances.

? M Kanzer

    International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    The therapeutic alliance and working alliance concepts, while often confused, differ significantly from Freud's analytic pact. These alliances are better viewed as tools for analytically oriented psychotherapy rather than core psychoanalytic techniques.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Psychoanalysis
    • Psychotherapy

    Background:

    • The concepts of therapeutic alliance and working alliance have historical roots in psychoanalytic theory.
    • These concepts are often used interchangeably in clinical practice and literature.
    • Freud's "analytic pact" serves as a foundational concept for comparison.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To trace the antecedents of the therapeutic and working alliances.
    • To compare these alliances with Freud's analytic pact.
    • To elucidate theoretical and practical differences between these concepts.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical analysis of psychoanalytic literature.
    • Comparative analysis of theoretical concepts.
    • Case material illustration.

    Main Results:

    • Therapeutic and working alliances are distinct from the analytic pact, occupying opposite ends of a continuum.
    • These alliances tend to deviate from traditional psychoanalytic principles, particularly the fundamental rule.
    • They are better characterized as methods within analytically oriented psychotherapy than parameters of traditional psychoanalytic technique.

    Conclusions:

    • Traditional psychoanalytic technique has theoretical gaps regarding pragmatic measures and developmental viewpoints.
    • Modern psychoanalytic practice is increasingly influenced by analyst's self-observations.
    • The therapeutic and working alliances represent a shift towards integrating broader theoretical and observational perspectives in psychoanalytically informed treatments.

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