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[Metronidazole].

V Martinez1, E Caumes

  • 1Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13.

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie
|October 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Metronidazole is an effective oral medication for various protozoal and anaerobic infections, including bacterial vaginosis and H. pylori. It is generally well-tolerated, with rare resistance reported.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Metronidazole, initially for trichomoniasis, now treats diverse protozoal and anaerobic infections.
  • Oral metronidazole is indicated for rosacea, perioral dermatitis, H. pylori, T. vaginalis, G. lamblia, and bacterial vaginosis.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of metronidazole's therapeutic applications, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile.
  • To summarize current clinical recommendations and known interactions for metronidazole therapy.

Summary:

  • Metronidazole is orally administered, well-absorbed with excellent tissue distribution (including CNS and placenta).
  • It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism, with excretion via urine and feces. Half-life is 6-10 hours.
  • Recommended dosage is 500 mg TID, with renal insufficiency requiring dose adjustment. Generally well-tolerated below 2g/day, with adverse effects linked to high doses/duration.

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Impact:

  • Highlights metronidazole's broad utility in treating common infections.
  • Informs clinicians on appropriate dosing, potential adverse reactions, and drug interactions (e.g., alcohol, warfarin, phenytoin).
  • Notes rare instances of resistance and limited evidence of mutagenesis/carcinogenesis in mice.