Implications of sound levels generated by otologic devices.

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Audiology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Exposure to loud noise is a known cause of sensorineural hearing loss.
• Various otologic instruments generate significant noise levels, posing risks to both operators and patients.
• Quantifying and comparing the sound pressure levels (SPL) of these devices is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To measure and compare the sound pressure levels (SPL) of common otologic instruments.
• To identify devices with potentially hazardous noise outputs.
• To inform clinical practice regarding instrument selection and use to mitigate hearing loss risks.

Main Methods:

• Sound pressure levels (SPL) were measured using a calibrated sound pressure level meter.
• Peak and impulse SPLs were recorded at 1 cm from the instrument tip.
• Instruments tested included KTP laser, CO(2) laser, erbium laser, electric micro-drill, and air-powered drill.

Main Results:

• Impulse SPLs ranged from 67 dBA (KTP laser) to 105 dBA (air-powered drill and erbium laser).
• Peak SPLs ranged from 81 dBA (KTP laser) to 132 dBA (erbium laser).
• The erbium laser exhibited significantly higher peak SPLs than other tested devices.

Conclusions:

• KTP laser, CO(2) laser, and microdrill produce impulse SPLs below 100 dBA.
• Erbium laser and air-powered drill generate high peak and impulse SPLs, increasing hearing loss risk.
• Surgeons should consider device-specific SPLs and noise exposure duration when selecting instruments, particularly for procedures near the ossicular chain.