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Posthypnotic amnesia for material learned before or during hypnosis: explicit and implicit memory effects.

A J Barnier1, R A Bryant, S Briscoe

  • 1University of New South Wales, Australia. A.Barnier@unsw.edu.au

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
|October 13, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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This study investigated memory recall after hypnosis. High hypnotizable individuals showed implicit memory (priming) even without conscious recall, but semantic priming disappeared when amnesia was strictly confirmed.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Hypnosis Research

Background:

  • Explicit and implicit memory dissociations are documented in posthypnotic amnesia (PHA).
  • Previous experimental designs in PHA research have lacked methodological consistency.
  • Contemporary memory research necessitates clearer experimental paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine dissociations between explicit and implicit memory under posthypnotic amnesia.
  • To clarify the impact of methodological choices on memory performance in PHA.
  • To investigate priming effects in high and low hypnotizable individuals.

Main Methods:

  • 40 high and 38 low hypnotizable participants were presented with word lists.
  • A posthypnotic amnesia (PHA) suggestion was administered for the word lists.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Explicit and implicit memory tasks (perceptual and semantic priming) were used for testing.

    • Main Results:

    • High hypnotizable individuals exhibited equivalent perceptual and semantic priming to low hypnotizable individuals without conscious recollection.
    • When focusing on high hypnotizable individuals with confirmed amnesia, perceptual priming persisted.
    • Semantic priming was not confirmed in high hypnotizable individuals with strictly confirmed amnesia.

    Conclusions:

    • Methodological rigor is crucial for interpreting memory performance in posthypnotic amnesia.
    • Implicit memory, particularly perceptual priming, can remain intact despite explicit memory deficits induced by PHA.
    • The findings underscore the importance of precise amnesia confirmation in PHA studies.