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Related Experiment Videos

Scientific results from the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE).

C L Bennett1, N W Boggess, E S Cheng

  • 1National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Astronomy and Solar Physics, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary

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The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite precisely measured the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, confirming its black-body nature. COBE also detected statistically significant CMB anisotropy, supporting theories of early universe structure formation.

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Big Bang theory

Background:

  • The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite to study the early universe.
  • Key objectives included observing the Big Bang's afterglow and understanding the formation of galaxies and large-scale structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely measure the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum and search for deviations from a black-body profile.
  • To detect and characterize the anisotropy in the CMB, providing insights into primordial density fluctuations.
  • To establish upper limits on the cosmic infrared background (CIB) radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Far-Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) to analyze the CMB spectrum.
  • Employed the Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) to detect temperature variations in the CMB.

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  • Used the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) to measure infrared radiation.

    • Main Results:

    • FIRAS data confirmed the CMB spectrum is a near-perfect black body with a temperature of 2.73 +/- 0.06 K, with deviations < 0.25%.
    • DMR data revealed statistically significant CMB anisotropy, consistent with a scale-invariant primordial density fluctuation spectrum.
    • DIRBE provided new conservative upper limits for the cosmic infrared background.

    Conclusions:

    • The COBE findings strongly support the Big Bang model and the theory of cosmic inflation.
    • The detected anisotropy is crucial evidence for the seeds of cosmic structure formation.
    • Further modeling of foregrounds is necessary to refine CIB measurements.