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ATM: genome stability, neuronal development, and cancer cross paths

Y Shiloh1, M B Kastan

  • 1Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.

Advances in Cancer Research
|October 23, 2001
PubMed

Insights

The ATM protein kinase controls cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), crucial for genome stability and development. Its dysfunction, seen in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), highlights ATM

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is vital for cellular life and differentiation.
  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are lethal lesions that trigger the DDR.
  • ATM protein kinase is the master controller of cellular responses to DSBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of ATM in cellular signaling.
  • To understand the link between the DDR and developmental processes.
  • To gain insights into ATM's mode of action and its involvement in other signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ATM protein kinase function.
  • Investigation of ATM's effectors.
  • Study of animal models of ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T).

Main Results:

  • ATM phosphorylates key players to activate the DDR network.
  • ATM dysfunction in A-T leads to neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, genomic instability, and cancer predisposition.
  • ATM is involved in signaling pathways beyond DNA damage, including those regulating cellular growth and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • ATM is a master controller with diverse roles in genome stability, development, and cancer.
  • Understanding ATM's signaling network is crucial for comprehending cellular life and disease.
  • ATM's involvement in multiple pathways underscores its significance in integrating DNA damage response with cellular growth and differentiation.

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