Paraoxonase genotype modifies the effect of pravastatin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Paraoxonase (PON) is an enzyme carried by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Two gene polymorphisms leading to amino acid substitutions of methionine for leucine at position 55 (M/L55) and arginine for glutamine at position 192 (R/Q192) modulate the activity of the enzyme and possibly also lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. Our purpose was to examine the effect of the PON genotype on HDL-C and apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) responses to pravastatin treatment. Fifty-one mildly hypercholesterolemic male subjects (mean age 35 +/- 4 years) were enrolled by this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Lipid concentrations were measured at baseline and after 6 months of pravastatin (n = 25) or placebo (n = 26) therapy. Low active (MM, ML or QQ) and high active (LL or RQ, RR) PON genotype groups were related to lipid and apolipoprotein concentration changes. Pravastatin increased the apo AI concentration 12% (P = 0.017, RANOVA) and tended to increase the HDL-C concentration (P = 0.095, RANOVA) in R allele carriers but not in QQ homozygotes. Significant predictors of the change in apo AI concentration during pravastatin treatment were R/Q192 genotype (P = 0.002), apo AI concentration at baseline (P = 0.002) and M/L55 genotype (P = 0.042). Correspondingly, R/Q192 (P = 0.009) and M/L55 (P = 0.050) genotypes were the statistically significant determinants of HDL-C concentration change. The PON genotype thus modifies the effect of pravastatin on serum HDL-C and apo AI concentrations. This could partly explain the contradictory results obtained from previous studies on the effects of statins on the serum HDL-C concentration.