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Bacterial colonization associated with fixed orthodontic appliances. A scanning electron microscopy study
W Sukontapatipark1, M A el-Agroudi, N J Selliseth
1Departments of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopaedics, Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway.
European Journal of Orthodontics
|October 24, 2001
Summary
Excess composite around orthodontic brackets significantly promotes bacterial plaque accumulation. Ligation methods did not impact plaque development on composite or enamel surfaces.
Area of Science:
- Dental materials science
- Microbiology
- Orthodontics
Background:
- Bacterial plaque accumulation is a common issue in orthodontic treatment.
- Understanding plaque formation around orthodontic brackets is crucial for oral hygiene and treatment success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate bacterial plaque accumulation adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
- To compare plaque formation on excess bonding composite versus enamel surfaces.
- To evaluate the influence of ligation method on plaque development.
Main Methods:
- Metal brackets were bonded to premolars using macro-filled composite in 11 orthodontic patients.
- Teeth were extracted at 1, 2, or 3 weeks post-bonding.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine plaque on brackets, excess composite, and enamel.
Main Results:
- Mature plaque was observed on excess composite at 2 and 3 weeks.
- Plaque on gingival enamel remained in early developmental stages.
- Excess composite, with its rough surface and interface gap, was identified as a critical plaque accumulation site.
- Ligation method (elastomeric ring vs. steel wire) did not affect bacterial morphotypes.
Conclusions:
- Excess bonding composite is a primary contributor to bacterial plaque buildup around orthodontic brackets.
- The surface characteristics of the composite and the composite-enamel interface are key factors in plaque retention.
- Current ligation techniques do not significantly alter the types of bacteria found in plaque in this context.