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[Auditory perception and language: functional imaging of speech sensitive auditory cortex].

Y Samson1, P Belin, L Thivard

  • 1CEA, DRM, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France. yves.samson@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr

Revue Neurologique
|October 26, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers identified a specific bilateral region in the superior temporal cortex, termed the speech sensitive auditory cortex, crucial for processing spoken language. This area shows specialized responses to speech sounds and integrates auditory-visual information for enhanced speech perception.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Speech Processing

Context:

  • The superior temporal cortex's role in language auditory perception is known but its precise limits and functions are debated.
  • Previous research on cortical deafness highlighted bilateral involvement in early language processing stages.

Purpose:

  • To precisely define the anatomical limits and functional role of the superior temporal cortex in language auditory perception.
  • To perform a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (PET and fMRI) on speech perception.

Summary:

  • A meta-analysis of 54 activation peaks from 8 studies revealed a bilateral, well-defined area in the superior temporal cortex, named the speech sensitive auditory cortex.
  • This region, located in the superior temporal gyrus and sulcus (anterior/posterior to Heschl's gyrus), is activated by speech but not pure tones or environmental sounds, indicating speech specificity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • It is involved in auditory scene analysis, schema-based recognition, integrates auditory-visual information (lip movements), and exhibits task-dependent top-down modulation.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a more precise definition of the speech sensitive auditory cortex, advancing our understanding of the neural basis of speech perception.
    • Highlights the role of this area in multimodal integration and its susceptibility to top-down cognitive control.
    • Establishes a foundation for future research into language processing disorders and therapeutic interventions.