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Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Behaviorism01:28

Behaviorism

The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
The core premise of behaviorism is its focus on observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. This approach argues that true scientific...
Reinforcement Schedules01:24

Reinforcement Schedules

Positive reinforcement is a powerful method for teaching new behaviors to both animals and humans. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments using rats in a Skinner box. When a rat pressed a lever, it received a food pellet. This immediate reward encouraged the rat to repeat the behavior. This method, where a reward follows every instance of the behavior, is known as continuous reinforcement. It is highly effective for establishing new behaviors quickly.
Once a behavior is learned,...
Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
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Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

Using fixed-time schedules to maintain behavior: a preliminary investigation.

C L Dozier1, J E Carr, K Enlof

  • 1University of Nevada, Reno, USA. cld@ufl.edu

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|October 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Fixed-time (FT) schedules can maintain learned behaviors in children with autism. This study compared different FT schedules to find their effectiveness in sustaining task performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Developmental psychology
  • Autism spectrum disorder research

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often involves challenges with behavior maintenance.
  • Functional tasks are crucial for skill development in children with ASD.
  • Fixed-time (FT) schedules are a type of reinforcement schedule used in behavior analysis.

Observation:

  • Two children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder participated in the study.
  • A functional task was taught to each child.
  • Three distinct FT schedules (yoked, thin, dense) were systematically compared.

Findings:

  • The study evaluated the efficacy of different FT schedules in maintaining task-related responding.
  • Results indicated that FT schedules possess the capacity to sustain previously acquired behaviors.
  • Specific FT schedule parameters influenced the maintenance of responding.

Implications:

  • FT schedules offer a potential strategy for behavior maintenance in individuals with ASD.
  • Findings may inform the development of more effective behavioral interventions for autism.
  • Further research can explore optimal FT schedule parameters for diverse populations and behaviors.