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Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep01:08

Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Development of isolated sheep inner cell masses/embryonic discs in vitro.

Roux's archives of developmental biology : the official organ of the EDBO·2017
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Grand-paternal age and the development of autism-like symptoms in mice progeny.

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Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer: a salvage tool seeking first aid.

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Comparison of the level(s) of DNA damage using Comet assay in bovine oocytes subjected to selected vitrification methods.

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Developmental potential of selectively enucleated immature mouse oocytes upon nuclear transfer.

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The possible role of cell cycle stage in mammalian cloning.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm
08:08

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

Published on: November 19, 2020

[Somatic cloning in mammals].

J A Modlinski1, J Karasiewicz

  • 1Zaklad Embriologii Doswiadczalnej, Instytut Genetyki i Hodowli Zwierzat PAN, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Wolka Kosowska, Poland.

Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego
|October 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Somatic cloning in mammals is now achievable using nuclear transfer techniques. This advancement enables the creation of transgenic animals for producing valuable human therapeutic proteins.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Nuclear transfer techniques have been refined for somatic cell cloning in mammals.
  • Successful cloning has been demonstrated in various species including sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and mice.
  • The technique involves using nuclear donor cells in GO or activating reconstituted oocytes post-nuclear transfer.

Purpose:

  • To advance somatic cloning techniques in mammals.
  • To explore the potential of cloning for producing therapeutic proteins in transgenic animals.

Summary:

  • Somatic cloning in mammals has advanced through refined nuclear transfer techniques.
  • This method has been successfully applied to multiple species, including both sexes of cattle and mice.
  • Transgenic mammals capable of producing human therapeutic proteins have been created, with a goat producing antithrombin III as a key example.

More Related Videos

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning
04:36

A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning

Published on: December 19, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm
08:08

Application of Mouse Parthenogenetic Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells as a Substitute of Sperm

Published on: November 19, 2020

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning
04:36

A Simple Microaspiration Technique for Isolating Somatic Cells from Cryopreserved Equine Semen as Nuclear Donors for Cloning

Published on: December 19, 2025

Impact:

  • Enables the production of valuable human therapeutic proteins in the milk or urine of cloned transgenic mammals.
  • Opens new avenues in pharmacology and medicine through biopharmaceutical production.
  • Demonstrates the practical application of somatic cloning for medical and pharmaceutical advancements.