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[Tularaemia - a forgotten disease? Own experience].

Mariya Yanushevych1, Anna Komorowska-Piotrowska, Wojciech Feleszko

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Tularaemia, an acute animal-borne disease caused by Francisella tularensis, presents diagnostic challenges due to atypical presentations and antibiotic resistance. Increased vigilance for tularaemia in differential lymphadenopathy diagnoses is crucial for effective patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tularaemia is an acute, zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative bacillus.
  • It poses an ongoing epidemiological concern in certain regions, with stable prevalence in Scandinavia and a slight increase in Poland since 2006.

Observation:

  • Transmission primarily occurs through tick bites or direct contact with infected animals.
  • The ulceroglandular form, characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, and skin ulceration, accounts for 95% of European cases.
  • Atypical disease courses and resistance to empirical treatments complicate diagnosis and management.

Findings:

  • The study highlights tularaemia as a significant animal-borne infectious disease.
  • It emphasizes the importance of considering tularaemia in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy, particularly in cases with atypical features or poor response to antibiotics.
  • A case of ulceroglandular tularaemia in a child illustrates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Implications:

  • Physicians should consider tularaemia in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy, especially when symptoms are unusual or unresponsive to standard treatment.
  • Increased awareness and timely diagnosis are essential for effective management of tularaemia.
  • This study underscores the need for continued surveillance and research into tularaemia's epidemiology and treatment.