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Alcoholic Hepatitis.

Steven-Huy Bui Han1

  • 1Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, 2114 PVUB, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6949, USA. shbhan@ucla.edu

Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology
|November 7, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Severe alcoholic hepatitis has a high mortality rate. While alcohol abstinence and supportive care are primary treatments, corticosteroids may benefit some patients, and pentoxifylline can improve short-term survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe, multisystem disease from chronic alcohol abuse.
  • High mortality rates are associated with severe cases, with up to 50% mortality within one month of hospitalization.
  • Current primary management involves alcohol abstinence and supportive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current therapeutic strategies for alcoholic hepatitis.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.
  • To discuss the role of liver transplantation and extracorporeal support.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on alcoholic hepatitis treatment.
  • Analysis of evidence for corticosteroids, pentoxifylline, and other agents.
  • Assessment of nutritional support, liver transplantation, and artificial liver support systems.

Main Results:

  • Corticosteroids show benefit in severe cases with hepatic encephalopathy.
  • Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival rates.
  • Other interventions like colchicine, propylthiouracil, and nutritional support have not demonstrated efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Complete alcohol abstinence and supportive care remain the cornerstone of treatment.
  • Pharmacologic options like corticosteroids and pentoxifylline offer specific benefits for select patients.
  • Liver transplantation and extracorporeal devices are currently experimental or controversial for alcoholic hepatitis.

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