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[Complications of acute ENT infections]
1Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Kantonsspital Luzern. werner.mueller@ksl.ch
Abstract:
Acute infections in the head and neck belong to the most frequent human diseases and account for a high percentage of prescriptions for oral antibiotics. Because most infections only need symptomatic treatment and with the doubtful benefit of antibiotic treatment in some studies there is consense that routinely prescribed antibiotics for infections of the upper airway should be abandoned. Uncritical use of antibiotics is a likely cause for an increasing rate of drug resistant bacteria and many antibiotics have side effects. On the other hand the rate of serious complications of infections in the head and neck might increase if restrictions for the prescription of antibiotics are too strong. Only an adequate antibiotic treatment minimizes the rate of infectious complications and surgical procedures needed. In general serious complications of acute infections in the head and neck are rare but when appearing they might be life-threatening. The family doctor plays an important role in the early recognition and proper management of these infections. Symptoms, differential diagnostic considerations and treatment options of the most common infections in the head and neck are therefore presented.
Insights
Acute head and neck infections are common, often leading to antibiotic prescriptions. Balancing antibiotic use is crucial to avoid resistance and side effects while preventing serious complications.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Infectious Diseases
- General Practice
Context:
- Acute head and neck infections represent a significant portion of common human illnesses.
- Oral antibiotics are frequently prescribed for these conditions, raising concerns about overuse.
- There is a growing consensus to reconsider routine antibiotic prescriptions for upper airway infections due to questionable benefits and potential harms.
Purpose:
- To present symptoms, differential diagnoses, and treatment strategies for prevalent head and neck infections.
- To guide family physicians in the early recognition and appropriate management of these infections.
- To inform clinical decision-making regarding antibiotic use in head and neck infections.
Summary:
- Overuse of antibiotics contributes to antibiotic resistance and adverse side effects.
- While serious complications are rare, they can be life-threatening.
- Judicious antibiotic use is essential to minimize infectious complications and the need for surgical interventions.
- Balancing the risks and benefits of antibiotic therapy is critical in managing head and neck infections.
Impact:
- Optimizing antibiotic prescribing practices for head and neck infections.
- Reducing the incidence of antibiotic resistance and associated side effects.
- Improving patient outcomes by ensuring adequate treatment and minimizing complications.
- Empowering family physicians with evidence-based information for effective patient care.