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Related Experiment Videos

Purinergic signalling: ATP release.

P Bodin1, G Burnstock

  • 1Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, University College London, UK.

Neurochemical Research
|November 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a cellular energy source, is now recognized as an extracellular neurotransmitter. While nerve cells release ATP via exocytosis, non-neuronal cells may use carrier-mediated transport involving ABC proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary intracellular energy currency.
  • Extracellular roles of ATP were initially met with resistance but are now accepted.
  • ATP functions as a neurotransmitter in both central and peripheral nervous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established and emerging mechanisms of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release.
  • To consolidate evidence supporting ATP's role as an extracellular signaling molecule and neurotransmitter.
  • To highlight the distinct release pathways in neuronal versus non-neuronal cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ATP release mechanisms.
  • Analysis of evidence for exocytotic release from nerve terminals.
  • Examination of recent findings on carrier-mediated ATP release in non-neuronal cells.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
  • Nerve terminal release of ATP is predominantly via exocytosis.
  • Non-neuronal cells may release ATP through carrier-mediated processes involving ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins.

Conclusions:

  • ATP's role as an extracellular signaling molecule and neurotransmitter is well-established.
  • Exocytosis is the primary mechanism for neuronal ATP release.
  • Carrier-mediated transport via ABC proteins represents an alternative release pathway in non-neuronal cells, expanding our understanding of purinergic signaling.

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