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Vision in the ultraviolet.

D M Hunt1, S E Wilkie, J K Bowmaker

  • 1Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, United Kingdom. d.hunt@ucl.ac.uk

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|November 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Many animals use ultraviolet (UV) light for survival, but some vertebrates lost this UV sensitivity over time. This UV vision was lost and regained in birds, but not in insects.

Area of Science:

  • Vision science
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ultraviolet (UV) light sensitivity is mediated by visual pigments in the eye, crucial for functions like mate choice and foraging.
  • UV sensitivity is not universal; many vertebrates possess violet-sensitive (VS) pigments instead of UV-sensitive (UVS) pigments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and mechanisms of UV-sensitive pigment tuning in vertebrates.
  • To understand the molecular basis for the loss and regain of UV sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of amino acid sequences of vertebrate VS/UVS pigments.
  • Discussion of the role of protonation in the Schiff base-chromophore linkage for pigment tuning.

Main Results:

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  • The ancestral pigment in vertebrates was UVS.
  • UV sensitivity was independently lost in mammals, amphibians, and birds.
  • Certain bird species reacquired UV sensitivity through a single amino acid substitution.
  • Insects have retained their UVS pigments without loss.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary analysis reveals distinct pathways for the loss and recovery of UV sensitivity across vertebrate lineages.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying pigment tuning are conserved, but evolutionary pressures have led to varied outcomes in different species.