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Anti-tumor effect of gallic acid on LL-2 lung cancer cells transplanted in mice
1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-machi, Gifu 500-8705, Japan.
Abstract:
We previously reported that gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), a naturally occurring plant phenol, can induce apoptosis in four kinds of human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. The present study further investigated the in vivo anti-tumor effects of orally administered gallic acid. Gallic acid reduced cell viability of LL-2 mouse lung cancer cells in vitro dose dependently, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of around 200 microM. C57Black mice were transplanted with LL-2 cells, and administered gallic acid (1 mg/ml in drinking water, ad libitum) and/or cisplatin (4 mg/kg i.p. injection, once a week). The average weight of the transplanted tumors, obtained at 29 days after transplantation, in the mice of control, gallic acid-treated cisplatin-treated and cisplatin plus gallic acid-treated groups was 4.02, 3.65, 3.19 and 1.72 g, respectively. The average tumor weight of the mice treated with cisplatin combined with gallic acid was significantly smaller than that of the control group (p<0.05). The amount of apoptotic cells in the tumor tissues of mice treated with gallic acid and/or cisplatin was significantly higher than those of the control mice. Combination of gallic acid and cisplatin increased the tumor cell apoptosis compared with the treatment with cisplatin alone. The present findings suggest that the combination of gallic acid with an anti-cancer drug, including cisplatin, may be an effective protocol for lung cancer therapy.
Insights
Gallic acid, a plant phenol, demonstrated in vivo anti-tumor effects against lung cancer in mice. Combining gallic acid with cisplatin significantly reduced tumor weight and increased cancer cell apoptosis, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Natural Products
Background:
- Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a plant phenol with previously reported in vitro apoptosis-inducing effects on human lung cancer cell lines.
- This study investigates the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of orally administered gallic acid, particularly in combination with cisplatin.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor effects of gallic acid in a mouse lung cancer model.
- To assess the synergistic effect of combining gallic acid with cisplatin for lung cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- LL-2 mouse lung cancer cells were transplanted into C57Black mice.
- Mice received oral gallic acid and/or intraperitoneal cisplatin injections.
- Tumor weight and apoptosis levels were measured 29 days post-transplantation.
Main Results:
- Gallic acid demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of LL-2 cell viability in vitro (IC50 ~200 microM).
- Combined treatment with gallic acid and cisplatin significantly reduced average tumor weight compared to controls (1.72g vs 4.02g, p<0.05).
- Both gallic acid and cisplatin increased tumor cell apoptosis; the combination therapy showed a greater increase than cisplatin alone.
Conclusions:
- Orally administered gallic acid exhibits in vivo anti-tumor activity against lung cancer in mice.
- The combination of gallic acid with cisplatin enhances anti-tumor effects, including increased apoptosis, suggesting its potential as an adjunct therapy for lung cancer.
