Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 22, 2026

09:03
Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
Published on: June 19, 2018
Prelicensure evaluation of combination vaccines
K L Goldenthal1, L A Falk, L Ball
1Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Goldenthal@cber.fda.gov
Summary
Developing safe and effective combination vaccines requires a rigorous approach. Early clinical studies and large safety trials are crucial for regulatory approval and public health.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Combination vaccines are of significant public health interest for their potential to streamline immunization schedules.
- Rapid progression from early-phase to pivotal trials necessitates early identification and resolution of product-related issues.
Framework:
- Rigorous clinical study designs, including randomized and well-controlled trials, are essential for evaluating safety and immunogenicity.
- A large Phase 3 safety study is recommended if a Phase 3 clinical endpoint efficacy trial is not planned.
Implementation:
- Utilize existing licensed immunogens with proven efficacy to expedite development.
- Gather comparative immunogenicity data to support efficacy claims when appropriate.
- Obtain data on simultaneous administration with other relevant vaccines.
Implications:
- Early consultation with regulatory bodies, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration, is vital for navigating the complexities of combination vaccine development.
- A structured development plan ensures the timely licensing of safe and effective combination vaccines.
Related Concept Videos
Vaccinations
Overview
Cancer Vaccines
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Vaccine Production
Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox
Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

