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Magnetite morphology and life on Mars

P R Buseck1, R E Dunin-Borkowski, B Devouard

  • 1Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA. pbuseck@asu.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 22, 2001
PubMed

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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