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Current options for injectable contraception in the United States
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
|December 1, 2001
Summary
Two new injectable hormonal contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate/estradiol cypionate (MPA/E2C), offer high efficacy and safety. DMPA shows significant benefits, including an 80% reduction in endometrial cancer risk.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Endocrinology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Two injectable hormonal contraceptives, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate/estradiol cypionate (MPA/E2C), are available in the U.S.
- Both formulations have demonstrated high efficacy, safety, and ease of use in clinical trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy, safety, and therapeutic benefits of DMPA and MPA/E2C.
- To highlight the noncontraceptive benefits of DMPA, particularly its impact on endometrial cancer risk.
Main Methods:
- Review of international and U.S. clinical trial data on DMPA and MPA/E2C.
- Analysis of documented noncontraceptive and therapeutic benefits.
Main Results:
- Both DMPA and MPA/E2C demonstrate high efficacy, safety, and ease of use.
- DMPA is associated with an 80% reduction in endometrial cancer risk.
- Minor side effects include menstrual irregularities and amenorrhea with DMPA.
Conclusions:
- Injectable hormonal contraceptives offer effective birth control with potential therapeutic advantages.
- Patient counseling on side effects and risks is crucial for successful long-term use.