Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

What is Gene Expression?

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ethanol and isopropanol inactivation of human coronavirus on hard surfaces.

The Journal of hospital infection·2020

Same author

Attenuating the rate of total body fat accumulation and alleviating liver damage by oral administration of vitamin D-enriched edible mushrooms in a diet-induced obesity murine model is mediated by an anti-inflammatory paradigm shift.

BMC gastroenterology·2017

Same author

Mutations in AIFM1 cause an X-linked childhood cerebellar ataxia partially responsive to riboflavin.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society·2017

Same author

A role for TENM1 mutations in congenital general anosmia.

Clinical genetics·2016

Same author

Whole-genome sequencing suggests a chemokine gene cluster that modifies age at onset in familial Alzheimer's disease.

Molecular psychiatry·2015

Same author

SLC1A4 mutations cause a novel disorder of intellectual disability, progressive microcephaly, spasticity and thin corpus callosum.

Clinical genetics·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Quantitative Assay to Study Protein:DNA Interactions, Discover Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression, and Identify Novel Anti-tumor Agents

A Quantitative Assay to Study Protein:DNA Interactions, Discover Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression, and Identify Novel Anti-tumor Agents

Published on: August 31, 2013

The RUNX3 gene--sequence, structure and regulated expression.

C Bangsow¹, N Rubins, G Glusman

¹Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.

|December 6, 2001

Summary

The RUNX3 gene, the smallest in its family, shows high similarity between human and mouse, suggesting it

More Related Videos

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Published on: September 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Quantitative Assay to Study Protein:DNA Interactions, Discover Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression, and Identify Novel Anti-tumor Agents

A Quantitative Assay to Study Protein:DNA Interactions, Discover Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression, and Identify Novel Anti-tumor Agents

Published on: August 31, 2013

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Published on: June 21, 2016

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Published on: September 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Genomics
Evolutionary Biology
Molecular Genetics

Background:

The runt domain (RUNX) family of transcription factors are key regulators of gene expression in development.
Mammalian RUNX family comprises RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3 genes.
RUNX3 plays critical roles in developmental pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comparative genomic analysis of human RUNX3 and mouse Runx3.
To investigate the evolutionary origins and structural characteristics of RUNX3.
To explore the regulatory mechanisms of RUNX3 gene expression.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomic analysis of human and mouse RUNX3 loci.
Sequence analysis to identify conserved elements and repeat content.
CpG island analysis.
Promoter activity assays using transfection experiments in cell lines.

Main Results:

Human RUNX3 and mouse Runx3 exhibit high similarity in size and organization, with RUNX3 being the smallest RUNX gene.
RUNX3/Runx3 contains a high content of the ancient MIR repeat, suggesting it is the evolutionary founder of the mammalian RUNX family.
Two conserved CpG islands and GC-rich isochores were identified within the RUNX3/Runx3 genes.
RUNX3 expression is regulated by two distinct promoter regions (P1 and P2) in a cell-type-specific manner, as demonstrated by differential promoter activity in B-cell and myeloid cell lines.

Conclusions:

RUNX3 is the evolutionary founder of the mammalian RUNX family.
RUNX3 gene expression is tightly regulated by cell-type-specific promoters.
Understanding RUNX3 regulation is crucial for deciphering its role in development.