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Related Experiment Videos

Dynamic constitutive relations for polarization and magnetization.

J Baker-Jarvis1, P Kabos

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328, USA. jjarvis@boulder.nist.gov

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces new constitutive relations for materials exhibiting magnetoelectric coupling. These relations, based on statistical mechanics, generalize existing theories for nonequilibrium systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Existing constitutive relations often do not account for complex material behaviors.
  • Magnetoelectric coupling, where electric and magnetic fields influence each other, requires advanced theoretical frameworks.
  • Previous statistical-mechanical theories provide a foundation for describing material responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop generalized constitutive relations for materials with coupled electric and magnetic properties.
  • To incorporate higher-order multipole moments (quadrupole) into the microscopic displacement field.
  • To derive origin-invariant multipole moments for Maxwell's equations.

Main Methods:

  • Application of a previously developed statistical-mechanical theory.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inclusion of quadrupole-moment density alongside dipole-moment density.
  • Generalization of Debye and Landau-Lifshitz equations of motion.
  • Derivation of evolution equations from a Hamiltonian approach.

    • Main Results:

    • Introduction of an electric gradient term in constitutive equations.
    • Development of origin-invariant multipole moments.
    • Presentation of generalized nonequilibrium equations of motion with memory.
    • Inclusion of magnetoelectric coupling in polarization and magnetization evolution.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed constitutive relations offer a more comprehensive description of magnetoelectric materials.
    • The generalized equations of motion are valid for nonequilibrium states and incorporate memory effects.
    • The Hamiltonian approach successfully derives evolution equations for electric and magnetic fields.