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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Transmission of Pathogens01:24

Transmission of Pathogens

Pathogens spread from their reservoirs to susceptible hosts through three main routes: contact transmission, vehicle transmission, and vector transmission. Each route involves distinct mechanisms of transfer.Contact TransmissionThis category includes direct contact, indirect contact, and droplet transmission:Direct contact involves immediate physical interaction between individuals—such as a handshake—which can spread pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium responsible for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Methods for Rapid Transfer and Localization of Lyme Disease Pathogens Within the Tick Gut
09:54

Methods for Rapid Transfer and Localization of Lyme Disease Pathogens Within the Tick Gut

Published on: February 14, 2011

Injectable fluid silicone therapy. Human morbidity and mortality.

R Ellenbogen, L Rubin

    JAMA
    |October 20, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Silicone injections can cause serious complications, including migration, hypopigmentation, and death. This study highlights silicone as a potential cause of granulomatous hepatitis, a previously undescribed hepatic complication.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Science
    • Toxicology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Silicone injections are widely used for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes.
    • Potential adverse effects of silicone injections are recognized, but hepatic complications are not well-documented.

    Observation:

    • Four patients who received silicone injections presented with severe complications.
    • Observed complications included silicone migration, hypopigmentation, and fatal outcomes.
    • One patient developed granulomatous hepatitis, a novel finding linked to silicone.

    Findings:

    • Silicone migration is a known complication, but hepatic involvement was unexpected.
    • Granulomatous hepatitis, a specific inflammatory liver condition, was identified as a complication.
    • The study establishes a link between silicone injections and the development of hepatic granulomas.

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    A Contemporary Warming/Restraining Device for Efficient Tail Vein Injections in a Murine Fungal Sepsis Model

    Published on: November 6, 2020

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    Methods for Rapid Transfer and Localization of Lyme Disease Pathogens Within the Tick Gut
    09:54

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    Published on: February 14, 2011

    Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
    07:33

    Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

    Published on: February 2, 2014

    A Contemporary Warming/Restraining Device for Efficient Tail Vein Injections in a Murine Fungal Sepsis Model
    06:02

    A Contemporary Warming/Restraining Device for Efficient Tail Vein Injections in a Murine Fungal Sepsis Model

    Published on: November 6, 2020

    Implications:

    • Silicone should be considered a potential etiological agent for granulomatous hepatitis.
    • Further research is needed to understand the mechanism of silicone-induced liver disease.
    • Clinicians should be aware of the risk of severe systemic complications following silicone injections.