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[Intracranial hypotension syndrome]
J Benito-León1, M A Reina, J Alvarez-Linera
1Servicios de Neurología, Hospital General de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. jbenitol@meditex.es
Insights
Intracranial hypotension syndrome, caused by cerebrospinal fluid volume depletion, presents with orthostatic headaches and specific MRI findings. This review covers its clinical features, imaging, pathophysiology, and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Neurosurgery
Background:
- Intracranial hypotension syndrome is a condition characterized by low cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
- It can be primary or secondary to other conditions.
- Cerebrospinal fluid volume depletion is the key factor determining its presentation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical and neuroimaging findings of intracranial hypotension syndrome.
- To discuss the pathophysiology of the syndrome.
- To outline the treatment options for intracranial hypotension syndrome.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical case studies and neuroimaging findings.
- Analysis of the pathophysiology related to cerebrospinal fluid volume.
- Synthesis of current treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Intracranial hypotension syndrome presents with orthostatic headaches.
- Magnetic resonance imaging typically shows diffuse dural gadolinium enhancement.
- Subdural fluid collections and brain descent may also be observed.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the clinical and imaging features is crucial for diagnosis.
- Cerebrospinal fluid volume depletion underlies the syndrome's diverse manifestations.
- Comprehensive review of pathophysiology and treatment is provided.
Abstract:
Intracranial hypotension syndrome is an essential or, more frequently, secondary entity. This is characterized by orthostatic headaches and diffuse dural gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging with or without subdural fluid collections or evidence of descent of the brain. What determines the various clinical and imaging features of intracranial hypotension syndrome is the cerebrospinal fluid volume depletion. In this article, we review the clinical and neuroimaging findings, pathophysiology, and treatment of this syndrome.