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Related Concept Videos

Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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[CD1: A new paradigm for antigen presentation].

M Sugita1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. msugita@nms.ac.jp

Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi
|December 18, 2001
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The central dogma of immunology is expanding beyond peptide antigens. CD1 molecules present lipid antigens to T cells, revealing new roles in immunity and potential for novel vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Context:

  • The classical understanding of T cell activation relies on Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules presenting peptide antigens.
  • This paradigm has historically limited our understanding of diverse cell-mediated immune responses.
  • Emerging research highlights the involvement of non-peptide antigens in T cell recognition.

Purpose:

  • To challenge the traditional MHC-peptide antigen presentation model.
  • To introduce and elaborate on the role of CD1 molecules in antigen presentation.
  • To explore the implications of CD1-mediated lipid antigen presentation in immunology.

Summary:

  • Non-MHC-encoded CD1 molecules present lipid antigens to T cells, expanding the scope of known antigen presentation pathways.
  • This CD1 pathway is crucial for immune responses against microbial infections, in tumor immunology, and in autoimmune diseases.
  • The discovery of CD1-mediated T cell activation offers a novel mechanism for immune system engagement.

Impact:

  • Establishes a new paradigm in immunology, moving beyond the MHC-peptide dogma.
  • Unravels the significant role of CD1 molecules in various immunological contexts, including microbial immunity, cancer, and autoimmunity.
  • Opens avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies, such as the development of lipid-based vaccines for T cell activation.