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Preoxygenation time versus decompression sickness incidence.

J T Webb1, A A Pilmanis

  • 1Wyle Laboratories, Life Sciences, Systems and Services, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5104, USA.

Safe Journal
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Breathing 100% oxygen before decompression, known as preoxygenation, helps prevent decompression sickness (DCS). Longer preoxygenation reduces DCS risk, but the benefit diminishes with extended duration, suggesting exercise during preoxygenation may be more effective.

Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Diving and Aviation Safety

Background:

  • Preoxygenation with 100% oxygen is a standard method to mitigate decompression sickness (DCS) incidence.
  • Previous research indicates an inverse relationship between preoxygenation duration and DCS incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare DCS incidence at 30,000 ft with varying preoxygenation times.
  • To inform decisions on the cost-benefit of increasing preoxygenation duration for DCS prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 86 male exposures to 30,000 ft (226 mm Hg; 4.37 psia) with mild exercise.
  • Preoxygenation durations ranged from one to four hours.
  • Monitoring and recording of venous gas emboli (VGE) and DCS symptom development.

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Main Results:

  • Increased preoxygenation time demonstrated enhanced protection against DCS.
  • The cost-to-benefit ratio increased with each increment of preoxygenation time.
  • Diminishing returns were observed with longer preoxygenation durations.

Conclusions:

  • Simply increasing preoxygenation time offers diminishing returns for DCS prevention and impacts operational planning.
  • Incorporating exercise during preoxygenation may offer a more cost-effective approach to DCS prevention.
  • Physiological alterations in denitrogenation, including exercise, warrant further investigation for improved DCS management.