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Related Concept Videos

Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

A Mouse Model of Incompletely Resected Soft Tissue Sarcoma for Testing (Neo)adjuvant Therapies
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A Mouse Model of Incompletely Resected Soft Tissue Sarcoma for Testing (Neo)adjuvant Therapies

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Animal models of neoplastic development.

H C Pitot1

  • 1McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1599, USA.

Developments in Biologicals
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory agencies rely on the two-year chronic bioassay for neoplastic development, but newer models like multistage and genetically-engineered mice offer advancements. A combination of models may enhance cancer prevention and therapy strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • The traditional two-year chronic bioassay is the established regulatory standard for evaluating neoplastic development.
  • This long-standing method, developed over 30 years ago, primarily focuses on potential chemical carcinogens.
  • Despite its

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare various animal models for neoplastic development.
  • To discuss the evolution of carcinogenicity testing methodologies.
  • To highlight the potential of newer models in regulatory decision-making and cancer research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models for carcinogenicity testing.
  • Comparison of the chronic bioassay with shorter-term assays, multistage models, and genetically-engineered mouse models.

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Last Updated: Jul 23, 2026

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  • Analysis of the historical development and current பயன்பாடு of these models.

    • Main Results:

    • The two-year chronic bioassay remains the regulatory "gold standard" despite recognized deficiencies.
    • Shorter-term assays and single-organ endpoint models have seen limited adoption in some regions.
    • Multistage models and genetically-engineered mouse models (involving oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) are emerging as valuable alternatives.

    Conclusions:

    • A combination of different animal model systems is likely to be most effective for practical and basic applications in cancer prevention and therapy.
    • Further integration of advanced models may improve the accuracy and efficiency of regulatory assessments.
    • The field is moving towards more sophisticated and potentially predictive carcinogenicity testing strategies.