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Poliomyelitis in Russia in 1998-1999.

O E Ivanova1, T P Eremeeva, G G Karganova

  • 1M.P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides of Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow Region.

Developments in Biologicals
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
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Inactivated polio vaccine surveillance in Russia identified 18 cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) between 1998-1999. Most VAPP cases involved vaccine recipients, with Type 3 poliovirus detected in recipients.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Introduction of poliomyelitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in the Russian Federation in 1998.
  • Poliomyelitis remains a significant public health concern, necessitating robust surveillance systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiology and characteristics of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases in the Russian Federation following the introduction of poliomyelitis surveillance.
  • To identify and characterize cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and understand their association with vaccine virus strains.

Main Methods:

  • Registration and analysis of 740 AFP cases reported between 1998 and 1999.
  • Classification of VAPP cases based on clinical presentation, virus isolation, and epidemiological links.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Virus isolation and characterization, including antigenic properties and recombinant analysis.
  • Quality assessment of monovaccine type 3 bulks using the MAPREC test.

    • Main Results:

    • 18 of 740 AFP cases were classified as VAPP.
    • 11 VAPP cases were in vaccine recipients with confirmed virus isolation (Type 3 poliovirus).
    • Five VAPP cases occurred in unvaccinated children who were contacts of vaccine recipients; two of these yielded Type 1 poliovirus recombinants (types 1 and 2).
    • The quality of monovaccine type 3 bulks was comparable to other batches.
    • One fatal case of VAPP was reported.

    Conclusions:

    • The study highlights the occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in the Russian Federation, even with surveillance in place.
    • Type 3 poliovirus was identified in VAPP cases among vaccine recipients, with no compromise in vaccine quality detected.
    • Recombinant polioviruses were observed in contact cases, indicating potential for genetic reassortment.