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Temperature data for phenological models.

R L Snyder1, D Spano, P Duce

  • 1University of California, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, Davis 95616, USA. rlsnyder@ucdavis.edu

International Journal of Biometeorology
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Weather station site significantly impacts degree-day calculations in arid regions. Irrigated grass fetch reduces temperature and degree-day accumulation compared to bare soil, affecting phenology models.

Area of Science:

  • * Agricultural Meteorology
  • * Environmental Science
  • * Climate Science

Background:

  • * Evaporation significantly influences energy balance in arid environments, affecting air temperature and degree-day calculations.
  • * The choice of weather station site and surrounding surface characteristics (fetch) are critical for accurate phenological modeling.
  • * Existing literature lacks comprehensive data on the impact of underlying surface and fetch on degree-day accumulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the effect of underlying surface and fetch on temperature and degree-day accumulations at weather stations in arid environments.
  • * To explain the microscale mechanisms causing temperature differences around weather stations.
  • * To provide recommendations for optimal weather station siting and data collection for phenological modeling.

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Main Methods:

  • * Microscale measurements of temperature and energy balance were conducted.
  • * Experiments involved comparing temperature readings over irrigated grass and bare soil with varying fetch distances.
  • * Degree-day accumulations were calculated using the single-triangle method with a 10°C threshold.

Main Results:

  • * Temperatures on the upwind edge of irrigated grass were 4% higher than those 200m inside the field.
  • * A difference in fetch led to significant discrepancies in degree-day accumulation (e.g., 900 degree-days reached on different dates).
  • * Bare soil surfaces showed higher temperatures than irrigated grass, especially after wetting and drying cycles, leading to higher degree-day values.

Conclusions:

  • * Weather station siting, particularly the type of underlying surface and its fetch, critically impacts degree-day calculations and phenological models.
  • * Bare soil sites consistently yield higher degree-day accumulations than irrigated grass sites, making models non-transferable between them.
  • * For long-term climate change assessments, using temperature data from irrigated grass with adequate fetch (≥100m) is recommended, especially in arid, high-evaporation conditions.