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Related Experiment Videos

Proposal for biochemical dosimeter for prolonged space flights.

A Becciolini1, S Porciani, A Lanini

  • 1Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Italy.

Physica Medica : PM : an International Journal Devoted to the Applications of Physics to Medicine and Biology : Official Journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)
|January 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Serum amylase and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) levels increase after radiation exposure, offering a new method for radiation dosimetry. This biochemical approach shows promise for measuring cosmic ray exposure in space.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Radiation Biology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Radiation dosimetry traditionally relies on physical, chemical, or biological methods.
  • Assessing absorbed radiation dose can be achieved by measuring specific molecule concentrations in body fluids.
  • Salivary glands are radiosensitive, making their biomarkers useful for radiation effect evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of serum amylase and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) as biomarkers for radiation dosimetry.
  • To correlate changes in these molecules with absorbed radiation doses in patients undergoing radiotherapy.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of using these biomarkers for cosmic ray exposure assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring serum amylase activity and TPA levels in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy.

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  • Analyzing dose-response relationships using various radiation doses and fractionation schedules.
  • Comparing results with non-irradiated tissues (pancreas) and different species.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum amylase and TPA levels significantly increased within two days post-irradiation, correlating directly with absorbed dose.
    • Dose-response curves were linear in a 2-6 Gy range and sigmoid from 0.5-10 Gy.
    • Amylase levels were unaffected by pancreatic irradiation, and species-specific effects were noted.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum amylase and TPA serve as effective biochemical dosimeters for ionizing radiation.
    • These biomarkers can quantify absorbed doses in patients, including those treated with iodine-131.
    • The ease of measurement suggests potential application for monitoring cosmic ray exposure in astronauts.