Pathogenicity of different serogroups of avian salmonellae in specific-pathogen-free chickens

The pathogenicity of one isolate of Salmonella typhimurium, four isolates of Salmonella heidelberg, three isolates of Salmonella kentucky, two isolates of Salmonella montevideo, one isolate of Salmonella hadar, and two isolates of Salmonella enteritidis (SE), one belonging to phage type (PT)13a and the other to PT34, was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chicks. Three hundred eighty-four chicks were separated into 16 equal groups of 24 chicks. Thirteen groups were inoculated individually with 0.5 ml of broth culture containing 1 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU) of either S. typhimurium (one source), S. heidelberg (four sources), S. montevideo (two sources), S. hadar (one source), S. kentucky (three sources), SE PT 13a (one source) or SE PT 34 (one source) by crop gavage. Two groups of 24 chicks were inoculated in the same way with 1 x 10(7) CFU of SE PT4 (chicken-CA) and Salmonella pullorum. Another group of 24 chicks was kept as an uninoculated control group. The chicks were observed daily for clinical signs and mortality. Isolation of salmonella was done from different organs at 7 and 28 days postinoculation (DPI). All the chicks were weighed individually at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DPI. Two chicks chosen at random from each group were euthanatized and necropsied at 7 and 14 DPI and all the remaining live chickens, at 28 DPI. Selected tissues were taken for histopathology at 7 and 14 DPI. Dead chicks were examined for gross lesions and tissues were collected for histopathology. Chicks inoculated with S. pullorum had the highest mortality (66.66%), followed by S. typhimurium (33.33%). Chicks inoculated with S. heidelberg (00-1105-2) and SE PT4 (chicken-CA) had 12.5% mortality and 8.3% mortality, respectively, with SE PT 13a. Ceca were 100% positive for salmonellae at acute or chronic infection compared with other organs. Mean body weight reduction ranged from 0.67% (inoculated with S. kentucky 00-926-2) to 33.23% (inoculated with S. typhimurium 00-372) in the inoculated groups at different weeks compared with uninoculated controls. Gross and microscopic lesions included peritonitis, perihepatitis, yolk sac infection, typhilitis, pneumonia, and enteritis in some groups, especially those inoculated with S. typhimurium, S. heidelberg (00-1 105-2), SE PT4 (chicken-CA), and S. pullorum.