Toll-like receptors: key mediators of microbe detection

Toll-like receptors are pattern-recognition receptors that have key roles in detecting microbes and initiating inflammatory responses. Recently, a host of new microbial products that activate specific Toll-like receptors have been defined, and additional components that mediate intracellular signaling have been identified. There has also been greater recognition of the importance of specific Toll-like receptors in host defense.