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Hypophysectomy depresses immune functions in rainbow trout.

Takashi Yada1, Teruo Azuma

  • 1Nikko Branch, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, 2482-3 Chugushi, Tochigi 321-1661, Nikko, Japan. yadat@fra.affrc.go.jp

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Hypophysectomy in rainbow trout significantly impairs immune cell function and reduces immunoglobulin M levels. This highlights the crucial role of pituitary hormones in maintaining fish immune defenses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Fish Biology

Background:

  • The endocrine and immune systems are interconnected.
  • Pituitary hormones influence various physiological processes, including immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of hypophysectomy on immune functions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
  • To explore the role of pituitary hormones in fish immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Hypophysectomy was performed on rainbow trout.
  • Immune functions such as superoxide anion production, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin M levels were assessed.
  • Leukocyte counts and Ig-secreting cells were analyzed.
  • RT-PCR was used to detect growth hormone and prolactin mRNA expression in lymphoid tissues and leukocytes.

Main Results:

  • Hypophysectomy led to decreased superoxide anion production and phagocytosis in head kidney leukocytes.
  • Plasma immunoglobulin M levels were significantly reduced post-hypophysectomy.
  • A reduction in Ig-secreting leukocytes in peripheral blood was observed, but total leukocyte numbers remained unaffected.
  • Flow cytometry showed reduced Ig-producing leukocytes in the head kidney, but not in spleen, thymus, or peripheral blood.
  • Growth hormone and prolactin mRNA were detected in various lymphoid tissues and leukocytes, suggesting local hormone production.

Conclusions:

  • Pituitary hormones play a significant role in maintaining immune functions in rainbow trout.
  • Local production of growth hormone and prolactin in lymphoid tissues may contribute to immune regulation.