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Related Experiment Videos

Expression patterns of cell wall-modifying enzymes during grape berry development.

K J Nunan1, C Davies, S P Robinson

  • 1Department of Plant Science, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.

Planta
|January 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Grape berry softening involves cell wall changes. Enzyme activities and mRNA levels reveal complex polysaccharide modifications during ripening, with subtle changes driving fruit texture.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Fruit Ripening

Background:

  • Grape berry softening during ripening involves significant cell wall polysaccharide changes.
  • Understanding the enzymes and gene expression related to cell wall modification is crucial for explaining fruit texture development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the activities and mRNA accumulation of cell wall-modifying enzymes during grape berry development.
  • To correlate enzyme activity and gene expression with changes in cell wall composition during ripening.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays were performed on grape berry extracts throughout development.
  • Northern hybridization was used to analyze the accumulation of specific mRNAs encoding cell wall-modifying enzymes.

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Main Results:

  • Activities of alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, and pectin methylesterase were detected.
  • mRNA for beta-galactosidase, pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase were present during ripening.
  • Cellulase activity and mRNA were undetectable, while polygalacturonase activity was not detected despite mRNA presence.

Conclusions:

  • Grape berry softening is a complex process involving subtle modifications of various cell wall polysaccharides.
  • The increase in beta-galactosidase and detection of specific mRNAs suggest roles in arabinogalactan and galacturonan changes.
  • Small amounts of enzyme activity can significantly impact cell wall structure and fruit texture.