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Related Concept Videos

Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Update on stroke risk factors.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2015
Same author

Changing incidence and mortality rates for stroke.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2015
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Population-Based in-hospital stroke morbidity and mortality.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2015
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Outcome and pathogenesis of stroke is conditioned by place of stroke occurrence.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association·2015
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Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment.

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Effect of time since onset of risk factors on the occurrence of ischemic stroke.

Neurology·2002

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
08:22

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Published on: July 21, 2013

Long-Term fracture risk following ischemic stroke: a population-based study.

L J Melton1, R D Brown, S J Achenbach

  • 1Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. melton.j@mayo.edu

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|January 24, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Stroke survivors do not face a significantly higher overall fracture risk compared to the general population. However, increased fracture risk is linked to age, hospitalization, and moderate functional impairment post-stroke.

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Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
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Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke
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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

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Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection
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Published on: July 21, 2013

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
09:11

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke
05:32

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Fracture risk following stroke is not well-quantified.
  • Understanding post-stroke fracture incidence is crucial for patient care and fall prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the overall risk of fracture in individuals who have experienced a first cerebral infarction (stroke).
  • To identify predictors of fracture risk in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based retrospective cohort study of 387 Rochester, Minnesota residents surviving 90 days post-stroke (1960-1969).
  • Cases were matched by age and sex to general population controls.
  • Fractures assessed via complete medical record review; survival analysis used Cox regression.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in cumulative fracture incidence at 25 years (71% vs. 66%; p=0.464) or overall fracture risk (HR 1.1; 95% CI 0.8-1.6).
  • Fractures in stroke patients with hemiparesis/hemiplegia often occurred on the impaired side.
  • Independent predictors of fracture risk included age, hospitalization at stroke onset, and moderate functional impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke itself does not significantly increase overall fracture risk, but specific factors elevate risk.
  • Awareness of fracture risk from falls is essential for patients with moderate impairment who maintain independent mobility.
  • Targeted interventions may be needed for stroke survivors with identified risk factors.