Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an educational cultural model

Area of Science:

• Child psychology
• Developmental disorders
• Educational psychology

Background:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder.
• Current understanding often relies on a medical model.
• This model focuses on diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a history and background of ADHD in childhood.
• To review the established medical model for ADHD.
• To introduce and describe the Educational Cultural Model (ECM) as an alternative framework.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of the medical model of ADHD.
• Description of the conceptual framework of the Educational Cultural Model (ECM).
• Comparative analysis between the medical and ECM approaches.

Main Results:

• The medical model for ADHD is presented, including diagnostic criteria and treatment.
• The Educational Cultural Model (ECM) is detailed, emphasizing a holistic assessment.
• ECM synthesizes extrinsic factors (family, society, education) and intrinsic factors (temperament, learning style, giftedness).

Conclusions:

• The article compares the medical model with the ECM for viewing ADHD.
• It highlights the ECM's comprehensive approach, integrating environmental and individual aspects.
• The study aims to broaden perspectives on understanding and assessing childhood ADHD.