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Acetylcysteine for radiocontrast nephropathy
1Medical Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin-Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
Current Opinion in Critical Care
|January 24, 2002
Summary
Acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, can prevent kidney damage caused by radiocontrast agents. This study confirmed that oral acetylcysteine with hydration protects renal function in patients with moderate kidney insufficiency.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Radiocontrast nephropathy is a potential complication of radiologic procedures.
- It is partly mediated by reactive oxygen species and renal medullary ischemia.
- Antioxidants, such as acetylcysteine, have shown promise in preventing this condition in experimental studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic oral acetylcysteine in preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.
- To assess the impact of acetylcysteine on renal function in patients with moderate renal insufficiency.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study design was employed.
- Participants received oral acetylcysteine (600 mg twice daily) or placebo.
- All participants received hydration.
- Renal function was monitored after administration of a nonionic, low-osmolality radiocontrast agent.
Main Results:
- Prophylactic oral administration of acetylcysteine along with hydration significantly prevented the reduction in renal function.
- The protective effect was observed in patients with moderate renal insufficiency.
Conclusions:
- Oral acetylcysteine is effective in preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy.
- This antioxidant therapy, combined with hydration, offers a protective strategy for patients undergoing procedures with radiocontrast agents, particularly those with pre-existing renal insufficiency.