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The significance of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease
Robert S Dieter1, William W Chu, John P Pacanowski
1Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792, USA.
Insights
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common, underdiagnosed condition affecting lower extremities. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management, including lifestyle changes and medical or procedural interventions, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a significant manifestation of atherosclerosis.
- PAD is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite its prevalence.
- Cardiologists play an increasing role in managing lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To educate clinicians on the importance of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease.
- To provide a concise overview of PAD pathophysiology, anatomy, and risk factors.
- To highlight diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies for PAD.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease.
- Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms and anatomical considerations.
- Synthesis of diagnostic criteria and risk factor profiles.
Main Results:
- PAD shares risk factors with coronary and cerebrovascular diseases.
- Diagnosis relies on patient history, physical examination, and noninvasive/invasive testing.
- Effective management encompasses lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and revascularization procedures.
Conclusions:
- PAD requires greater clinical attention due to its prevalence and impact.
- Multifaceted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are essential for optimal PAD management.
- Integrated cardiovascular care is vital for patients with atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease.
Abstract:
The role of the cardiologist is expanding and involves the management of patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. The purpose of this review is to educate the clinician on the significance of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive arterial disease. Pathophysiology and anatomy are briefly reviewed. The definition of PAD is based upon both anatomic and functional considerations. Risk factors for PAD include traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. There is a considerable overlap between coronary and cerebrovascular diseases and PAD. Diagnosis is made mainly by history and physical examination. Noninvasive and invasive tests help diagnosis and localize disease. Expanded therapies to improve outcomes include lifestyle changes, medical treatment, interventional cardiovascular procedures, or surgical intervention.